Biochemistry and pharmacology of the renin-angiotensin system.
نویسنده
چکیده
Knowledge of the structure, function and distribution of the components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) and the integrated physiological role of this hormonal system is rapidly increasing, although many questions remain unanswered. The primary structure and localisation of RAS such as renin, prorenin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the angiotensins have now been described. Moreover, the genes for the production of renin and ACE have been cloned and their nucleotide sequences determined. In addition to its well-established role as a circulating endocrine system, the renin-angiotensin system has more recently been ascribed a local autocrine or paracrine function. Physiologically active levels of components such as renin and angiotensin, or their messenger RNAs, have been identified in several extrarenal tissues, notably the central nervous system. The components of such tissue renin-angiotensin systems may be derived from de novo tissue synthesis and/or from the circulation by endocytosis. Angiotensin has pharmacological actions on a wide range of body tissues, including the kidney, heart, brain, gastrointestinal tract and reproductive organs. In many of these locations, angiotensin receptors have been isolated and characterised. The most firmly established roles of angiotensin are the control of blood pressure and local blood flow, and in salt and water homeostasis; the physiological significance of many of angiotensin's tissue effects is unknown. In some areas of clinical interest, such as the pathophysiology of left ventricular hypertrophy, ACE inhibitors are very useful for elucidating the possible influences of the renin-angiotensin system.
منابع مشابه
Renin-angiotensin system and unilateral ureteral obstruction
Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a clinical scenario that leads to obstructive nephropathy. UUO alters the expression of many mediators in the ipsilateral kidney. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in UUO. Angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) as the main arms of RAS influence kidney function which may alter by UUO. Ang II via Ang II receptor subtypes I (AT1R) ...
متن کاملRoles of Renin-Angiotensin System in the Regulation of Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis: A Critical Review
Mestastatic prostate cancer cells (MPCCs) frequently metastasize to bone, which is a “favorite soil” for colonization and proliferation of MPCCs. Prostate cancer bone mestastasis is tightly associated with tumor-induced bone lesions, most commonly caused from the etiological imbalance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption, and from the anti-tumor immune response. ...
متن کاملResveratrol Suppresses Cardiac Renin Angiotensin System in the Late Phase of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Background and objectives: Resveratrol(3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural polyphenole phytoalexin which exerts potential cardioprotective effects, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects are still unknown. Cardiac renin angiotensin system (RAS) over-activation plays an important role in pathogenesis of left ventricula...
متن کاملThe role of local renin-angiotensin system on high glucose-induced cell toxicity, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production in PC12 cells
Objective(s): Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and apoptosis have key roles in pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. There are local renin-angiotensin systems (RASs) in different tissues such as neural tissue. Local RASs are involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of local renin-angioten...
متن کاملEffect of captopril on TNF-α and IL-10 in the livers of Bile Duct ligated Rats
Background: The renin-angiotensin system has an important role in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Renin-angiotensin system blockade by angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors provides some protective effects against hepatic fibrogenesis. Captopril as an ACE inhibitor can decrease inflammatory mediators and attenuate hepatic fibrosis in the livers of bile duct ligated (BDL) rats. Object...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Drugs
دوره 39 Suppl 1 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1990